Topic: Does England have your country's gold? | |
---|---|
So, up to 80% of Australia's USD46,714,035,204 in gold reserves being in storage at the Bank of England, somehow suggests that it is not ours? No, but it might suggest Australia won't ever get it or see it again. I wonder what would happen if Australia asked for their gold. (Hint, they will not get it.) That is silly. Not as silly as you might think; it's happened to others: http://soc.culture.german.narkive.com/QY7l2huZ/us-refuses-inspection-germany-gold-reserves-may-be-tungsten It's those Damned reptilians again!!...or is it squids? ![]() It doesn't really matter as we abandoned the gold standard in the eighties and sold off 80% of our reserves in 1997. We keep mining more anyway, especially now with the price so high, old mines are viable again. The whole thread is somewhat alarmist (not to mention the source being questionable) as our currency is stronger than that of the US and many other countries. I would be more concerned about the falling US dollar, as its value is continually diminishing against ours. We have a healthy economy with low unemployment and a strong resources sector. It would be better for our export & retail markets if our dollar actually fell to pre-2008 levels, but in light of global trends, that isn't likely to happen soon. At close of trading on Wall St. today, I expect our dollar to be even stronger against that of the US. Currently AUD 1.00 is buying USD 1.0451. Not bad for a small nation. Pre-2008 AUD 1.00 bought approx. USD 0.67. After WWII there was an international agreement called the Bretton Woods Agreement: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html The above is only a short article to acquaint the reader with the agreement. It contains many innaccuracies & important omissions, of which the most important is NIxon's "speculators" being countries like France, who had been depleting the almost non-existent gold reserve by trading in US dollars for gold & screwing things up for the US economy.: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html Of course the real reason the trade balance eroded was because the Fed had been printing inflationary unbacked dollars that the US had to accept from abroad at $35/oz.. Everybody knew this is what the US was doing and didn't want to get caught with the "hot potato" of the US dollar, preferring the gold it was based on. Nixon criminally broke the dollar from gold and basically told the rest of the world to "stuff it" and base their currencies on (now worthless) American fiat dollars. Of course, since that time the US made some deals with the Saudis & other oil exporting nations & such in order to create the "petro dollar". Since that time the US dollar has been the sole "authorized" currency for purchase of oil (which forces countries to maintain a reserve of worthless US dollars to buy oil). This means the US economy depends on oil hegemony or it would implode. If countries started accepting other currencies for oil, the US knew it would be in deep doodoo, and so any country that tried was promptly stepped on. You may have heard of some of the countries…Iraq, Iran, Venezuela, & a few others (most significantly China, but the economic situation is more complex with them because owing to trade issues n both sides, it is not in the Chinese interest to implode the US economy, nor in the US interest to overtly threaten or act against them). Basically any country the US is or has been at odds with militarily is quite likely the result of its accepting other petro-currencies. I won't go into how the US used its now "valuable" petrodollar to go on a taxpayer-financed spending spree with the MIC, or how it made a lot of money by starting proxy wars to create the arms markets to feed the MIC monster, that is all pretty well documented. Interestingly, Eisenhower warned the American people about it as he was leaving office.: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY Apparently nobody was listening. There is not much point in writing about how the the US built its military empire by using banks like the IMF & World bank, as that is also a matter of record well documented by examples in books like "Confessions of an Economic Hit Man." The author gives us the short version of the story here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7Fzm1hEiDQ (Interestingly, Perkins may have had something to do with Iceland turfing the banks.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYzSDw-3r5I ) To make an already horribly long story short by cutting out a lot of details at this point (thus making it sound like a "conspiracy theory"), the entire world is governed by what essentially amounts to one bank… the BIS, which is a private bank that is owned by anonymous principals. It is a sovereign entity whose executives have diplomatic immunity worldwide. Since no nation or country (or even the UN) can even have a peek at its books, and since we don't even know who the owners are (but we know they exist), and since arms of this octopus (vampire squid?) coordinate things and start wars, etc. I think we have found "The Brain's" hideout from which he dominates the world and has for some time now. |
|
|
|
Excellent and interesting post!!
![]() |
|
|
|
Edited by
HotRodDeluxe
on
Fri 12/21/12 01:52 PM
|
|
So, up to 80% of Australia's USD46,714,035,204 in gold reserves being in storage at the Bank of England, somehow suggests that it is not ours? No, but it might suggest Australia won't ever get it or see it again. I wonder what would happen if Australia asked for their gold. (Hint, they will not get it.) That is silly. Not as silly as you might think; it's happened to others: http://soc.culture.german.narkive.com/QY7l2huZ/us-refuses-inspection-germany-gold-reserves-may-be-tungsten It's those Damned reptilians again!!...or is it squids? ![]() It doesn't really matter where Australia's gold is said to be stored, as we abandoned the gold standard in the eighties and sold off 80% of our reserves in 1997. We keep mining more anyway, especially now with the price so high, old mines are viable again. The whole thread is somewhat alarmist (not to mention the source being questionable) as our currency is stronger than that of the US and many other countries. I would be more concerned about the falling US dollar, as its value is continually diminishing against ours. We have a healthy economy with low unemployment and a strong resources sector. It would be better for our export & retail markets if our dollar actually fell to pre-2008 levels, but in light of global trends, that isn't likely to happen soon. At close of trading on Wall St. today, I expect our dollar to be even stronger against that of the US. Currently AUD 1.00 is buying USD 1.0451. Not bad for a small nation. Pre-2008 AUD 1.00 bought approx. USD 0.67. After WWII there was an international agreement called the Bretton Woods Agreement: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html The above is only a short article to acquaint the reader with the agreement. It contains many innaccuracies & important omissions, of which the most important is NIxon's "speculators" being countries like France, who had been depleting the almost non-existent gold reserve by trading in US dollars for gold & screwing things up for the US economy.: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html Of course the real reason the trade balance eroded was because the Fed had been printing inflationary unbacked dollars that the US had to accept from abroad at $35/oz.. Everybody knew this is what the US was doing and didn't want to get caught with the "hot potato" of the US dollar, preferring the gold it was based on. Nixon criminally broke the dollar from gold and basically told the rest of the world to "stuff it" and base their currencies on (now worthless) American fiat dollars. Of course, since that time the US made some deals with the Saudis & other oil exporting nations & such in order to create the "petro dollar". Since that time the US dollar has been the sole "authorized" currency for purchase of oil (which forces countries to maintain a reserve of worthless US dollars to buy oil). This means the US economy depends on oil hegemony or it would implode. If countries started accepting other currencies for oil, the US knew it would be in deep doodoo, and so any country that tried was promptly stepped on. You may have heard of some of the countries…Iraq, Iran, Venezuela, & a few others (most significantly China, but the economic situation is more complex with them because owing to trade issues n both sides, it is not in the Chinese interest to implode the US economy, nor in the US interest to overtly threaten or act against them). Basically any country the US is or has been at odds with militarily is quite likely the result of its accepting other petro-currencies. I won't go into how the US used its now "valuable" petrodollar to go on a taxpayer-financed spending spree with the MIC, or how it made a lot of money by starting proxy wars to create the arms markets to feed the MIC monster, that is all pretty well documented. Interestingly, Eisenhower warned the American people about it as he was leaving office.: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY Apparently nobody was listening. There is not much point in writing about how the the US built its military empire by using banks like the IMF & World bank, as that is also a matter of record well documented by examples in books like "Confessions of an Economic Hit Man." The author gives us the short version of the story here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7Fzm1hEiDQ (Interestingly, Perkins may have had something to do with Iceland turfing the banks.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYzSDw-3r5I ) To make an already horribly long story short by cutting out a lot of details at this point (thus making it sound like a "conspiracy theory"), the entire world is governed by what essentially amounts to one bank… the BIS, which is a private bank that is owned by anonymous principals. It is a sovereign entity whose executives have diplomatic immunity worldwide. Since no nation or country (or even the UN) can even have a peek at its books, and since we don't even know who the owners are (but we know they exist), and since arms of this octopus (vampire squid?) coordinate things and start wars, etc. I think we have found "The Brain's" hideout from which he dominates the world and has for some time now. Cool story bro'. Now, back on topic: It doesn't really matter where Australia's gold is said to be stored, as we abandoned the gold standard in the eighties and sold off 80% of our reserves in 1997. We keep mining more anyway, especially now with the price so high, old mines are viable again. The whole thread is somewhat alarmist (not to mention the source being questionable) as our currency is stronger than that of the US and many other countries. I would be more concerned about the falling US dollar, as its value is continually diminishing against ours. We have a healthy economy with low unemployment and a strong resources sector. It would be better for our export & retail markets if our dollar actually fell to pre-2008 levels, but in light of global trends, that isn't likely to happen soon. At close of trading on Wall St. today, I expect our dollar to be even stronger against that of the US. Currently AUD 1.00 is buying USD 1.0422. Not bad for a small nation. Pre-2008 AUD 1.00 bought approx. USD 0.67. |
|
|
|
So, up to 80% of Australia's USD46,714,035,204 in gold reserves being in storage at the Bank of England, somehow suggests that it is not ours? No, but it might suggest Australia won't ever get it or see it again. I wonder what would happen if Australia asked for their gold. (Hint, they will not get it.) That is silly. Not as silly as you might think; it's happened to others: http://soc.culture.german.narkive.com/QY7l2huZ/us-refuses-inspection-germany-gold-reserves-may-be-tungsten It's those Damned reptilians again!!...or is it squids? ![]() It doesn't really matter where Australia's gold is said to be stored, as we abandoned the gold standard in the eighties and sold off 80% of our reserves in 1997. We keep mining more anyway, especially now with the price so high, old mines are viable again. The whole thread is somewhat alarmist (not to mention the source being questionable) as our currency is stronger than that of the US and many other countries. I would be more concerned about the falling US dollar, as its value is continually diminishing against ours. We have a healthy economy with low unemployment and a strong resources sector. It would be better for our export & retail markets if our dollar actually fell to pre-2008 levels, but in light of global trends, that isn't likely to happen soon. At close of trading on Wall St. today, I expect our dollar to be even stronger against that of the US. Currently AUD 1.00 is buying USD 1.0451. Not bad for a small nation. Pre-2008 AUD 1.00 bought approx. USD 0.67. After WWII there was an international agreement called the Bretton Woods Agreement: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html The above is only a short article to acquaint the reader with the agreement. It contains many innaccuracies & important omissions, of which the most important is NIxon's "speculators" being countries like France, who had been depleting the almost non-existent gold reserve by trading in US dollars for gold & screwing things up for the US economy.: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html Of course the real reason the trade balance eroded was because the Fed had been printing inflationary unbacked dollars that the US had to accept from abroad at $35/oz.. Everybody knew this is what the US was doing and didn't want to get caught with the "hot potato" of the US dollar, preferring the gold it was based on. Nixon criminally broke the dollar from gold and basically told the rest of the world to "stuff it" and base their currencies on (now worthless) American fiat dollars. Of course, since that time the US made some deals with the Saudis & other oil exporting nations & such in order to create the "petro dollar". Since that time the US dollar has been the sole "authorized" currency for purchase of oil (which forces countries to maintain a reserve of worthless US dollars to buy oil). This means the US economy depends on oil hegemony or it would implode. If countries started accepting other currencies for oil, the US knew it would be in deep doodoo, and so any country that tried was promptly stepped on. You may have heard of some of the countries…Iraq, Iran, Venezuela, & a few others (most significantly China, but the economic situation is more complex with them because owing to trade issues n both sides, it is not in the Chinese interest to implode the US economy, nor in the US interest to overtly threaten or act against them). Basically any country the US is or has been at odds with militarily is quite likely the result of its accepting other petro-currencies. I won't go into how the US used its now "valuable" petrodollar to go on a taxpayer-financed spending spree with the MIC, or how it made a lot of money by starting proxy wars to create the arms markets to feed the MIC monster, that is all pretty well documented. Interestingly, Eisenhower warned the American people about it as he was leaving office.: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY Apparently nobody was listening. There is not much point in writing about how the the US built its military empire by using banks like the IMF & World bank, as that is also a matter of record well documented by examples in books like "Confessions of an Economic Hit Man." The author gives us the short version of the story here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7Fzm1hEiDQ (Interestingly, Perkins may have had something to do with Iceland turfing the banks.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYzSDw-3r5I ) To make an already horribly long story short by cutting out a lot of details at this point (thus making it sound like a "conspiracy theory"), the entire world is governed by what essentially amounts to one bank… the BIS, which is a private bank that is owned by anonymous principals. It is a sovereign entity whose executives have diplomatic immunity worldwide. Since no nation or country (or even the UN) can even have a peek at its books, and since we don't even know who the owners are (but we know they exist), and since arms of this octopus (vampire squid?) coordinate things and start wars, etc. I think we have found "The Brain's" hideout from which he dominates the world and has for some time now. Cool story bro'. Now, back on topic: It doesn't really matter where Australia's gold is said to be stored, as we abandoned the gold standard in the eighties and sold off 80% of our reserves in 1997. We keep mining more anyway, especially now with the price so high, old mines are viable again. The whole thread is somewhat alarmist (not to mention the source being questionable) as our currency is stronger than that of the US and many other countries. I would be more concerned about the falling US dollar, as its value is continually diminishing against ours. We have a healthy economy with low unemployment and a strong resources sector. It would be better for our export & retail markets if our dollar actually fell to pre-2008 levels, but in light of global trends, that isn't likely to happen soon. At close of trading on Wall St. today, I expect our dollar to be even stronger against that of the US. Currently AUD 1.00 is buying USD 1.0422. Not bad for a small nation. Pre-2008 AUD 1.00 bought approx. USD 0.67. I could hardly believe my eyes...Peace be upon you. Yeah...australia's doing OK (relatively speaking), but you should probably be aware that like most countries in today's world, Australia is just a foreign-owned business corporation. It doesn't even appear to be the one you started with: http://www.truth-now.net/ This man's experiences raise some fascinating questions. |
|
|
|
Edited by
Jeanniebean
on
Fri 12/21/12 02:05 PM
|
|
(He just doesn't get it.)
Australia has a lot of gold, still in the ground and being mined. My advice to them is to stop giving it to England. Ooops I mean stop allowing England to "store" it for them. LOL |
|
|
|
So, up to 80% of Australia's USD46,714,035,204 in gold reserves being in storage at the Bank of England, somehow suggests that it is not ours? No, but it might suggest Australia won't ever get it or see it again. I wonder what would happen if Australia asked for their gold. (Hint, they will not get it.) That is silly. Not as silly as you might think; it's happened to others: http://soc.culture.german.narkive.com/QY7l2huZ/us-refuses-inspection-germany-gold-reserves-may-be-tungsten It's those Damned reptilians again!!...or is it squids? ![]() It doesn't really matter where Australia's gold is said to be stored, as we abandoned the gold standard in the eighties and sold off 80% of our reserves in 1997. We keep mining more anyway, especially now with the price so high, old mines are viable again. The whole thread is somewhat alarmist (not to mention the source being questionable) as our currency is stronger than that of the US and many other countries. I would be more concerned about the falling US dollar, as its value is continually diminishing against ours. We have a healthy economy with low unemployment and a strong resources sector. It would be better for our export & retail markets if our dollar actually fell to pre-2008 levels, but in light of global trends, that isn't likely to happen soon. At close of trading on Wall St. today, I expect our dollar to be even stronger against that of the US. Currently AUD 1.00 is buying USD 1.0451. Not bad for a small nation. Pre-2008 AUD 1.00 bought approx. USD 0.67. After WWII there was an international agreement called the Bretton Woods Agreement: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html The above is only a short article to acquaint the reader with the agreement. It contains many innaccuracies & important omissions, of which the most important is NIxon's "speculators" being countries like France, who had been depleting the almost non-existent gold reserve by trading in US dollars for gold & screwing things up for the US economy.: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1852254,00.html Of course the real reason the trade balance eroded was because the Fed had been printing inflationary unbacked dollars that the US had to accept from abroad at $35/oz.. Everybody knew this is what the US was doing and didn't want to get caught with the "hot potato" of the US dollar, preferring the gold it was based on. Nixon criminally broke the dollar from gold and basically told the rest of the world to "stuff it" and base their currencies on (now worthless) American fiat dollars. Of course, since that time the US made some deals with the Saudis & other oil exporting nations & such in order to create the "petro dollar". Since that time the US dollar has been the sole "authorized" currency for purchase of oil (which forces countries to maintain a reserve of worthless US dollars to buy oil). This means the US economy depends on oil hegemony or it would implode. If countries started accepting other currencies for oil, the US knew it would be in deep doodoo, and so any country that tried was promptly stepped on. You may have heard of some of the countries…Iraq, Iran, Venezuela, & a few others (most significantly China, but the economic situation is more complex with them because owing to trade issues n both sides, it is not in the Chinese interest to implode the US economy, nor in the US interest to overtly threaten or act against them). Basically any country the US is or has been at odds with militarily is quite likely the result of its accepting other petro-currencies. I won't go into how the US used its now "valuable" petrodollar to go on a taxpayer-financed spending spree with the MIC, or how it made a lot of money by starting proxy wars to create the arms markets to feed the MIC monster, that is all pretty well documented. Interestingly, Eisenhower warned the American people about it as he was leaving office.: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY Apparently nobody was listening. There is not much point in writing about how the the US built its military empire by using banks like the IMF & World bank, as that is also a matter of record well documented by examples in books like "Confessions of an Economic Hit Man." The author gives us the short version of the story here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7Fzm1hEiDQ (Interestingly, Perkins may have had something to do with Iceland turfing the banks.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYzSDw-3r5I ) To make an already horribly long story short by cutting out a lot of details at this point (thus making it sound like a "conspiracy theory"), the entire world is governed by what essentially amounts to one bank… the BIS, which is a private bank that is owned by anonymous principals. It is a sovereign entity whose executives have diplomatic immunity worldwide. Since no nation or country (or even the UN) can even have a peek at its books, and since we don't even know who the owners are (but we know they exist), and since arms of this octopus (vampire squid?) coordinate things and start wars, etc. I think we have found "The Brain's" hideout from which he dominates the world and has for some time now. Cool story bro'. Now, back on topic: It doesn't really matter where Australia's gold is said to be stored, as we abandoned the gold standard in the eighties and sold off 80% of our reserves in 1997. We keep mining more anyway, especially now with the price so high, old mines are viable again. The whole thread is somewhat alarmist (not to mention the source being questionable) as our currency is stronger than that of the US and many other countries. I would be more concerned about the falling US dollar, as its value is continually diminishing against ours. We have a healthy economy with low unemployment and a strong resources sector. It would be better for our export & retail markets if our dollar actually fell to pre-2008 levels, but in light of global trends, that isn't likely to happen soon. At close of trading on Wall St. today, I expect our dollar to be even stronger against that of the US. Currently AUD 1.00 is buying USD 1.0422. Not bad for a small nation. Pre-2008 AUD 1.00 bought approx. USD 0.67. Yeah...australia's doing OK (relatively speaking), but you should probably be aware that like most countries in today's world, Australia is just a foreign-owned business corporation. This CT drivel is getting old very quickly. |
|
|
|
Edited by
Jeanniebean
on
Fri 12/21/12 02:08 PM
|
|
CT???
You need to CHECK THE REAL FACTS and stop calling everything a CT. Oh, and if you have any gold, hey, I have a safe. I'll be more than happy to store it and keep it safe for you. I'll even pay you interest. ![]() Send me your gold. I'll store it for you!!! Any takers? I'll even give you a receipt. ![]() ![]() |
|
|
|
(He just doesn't get it.) Australia has a lot of gold, still in the ground and being mined. My advice to them is to stop giving it to England. Ooops I mean stop allowing England to "store" it for them. LOL I get it all right. Did you even check this dumbass article you posted? Do you realise that this whole story exists in the blogosphere based on a supposed email from a guy called Greg? Get real. |
|
|
|
Truth is where you find it.
Got any gold? I will store it for you anytime. I have a safe. ![]() |
|
|
|
CT??? You need to CHECK THE REAL FACTS and stop calling everything a CT. I did check the facts. Clearly you didn't. What a load of CT tripe. |
|
|
|
Edited by
Jeanniebean
on
Fri 12/21/12 02:11 PM
|
|
My article comes from silver doctors.
http://www.silverdoctors.com/bank-of-australia-admints-99-9-of-gold-reserves-are-held-in-bank-of-england/ What about it do you not understand or believe? |
|
|
|
Truth is where you find it. Obviously. ![]() |
|
|
|
Edited by
HotRodDeluxe
on
Fri 12/21/12 02:13 PM
|
|
My article comes from silver doctors. http://www.silverdoctors.com/bank-of-australia-admints-99-9-of-gold-reserves-are-held-in-bank-of-england/ I know. Did you check it? Obviously not. This is boring. |
|
|
|
Edited by
JustDukkyMkII
on
Fri 12/21/12 02:16 PM
|
|
(He just doesn't get it.) He can't really be faulted for that. It isn't easy for anyone to admit they've been played for a sucker all their life; it certainly wasn't for me. Since finally figuring out the "Matrix", I've been quietly trying to lead people out of Plato's cave and into the daylight…Most will not go, preferring the comfort of the familiar shadows to the frightening (but beautiful) unknown world outside of the cave. |
|
|
|
Okay hotrod have it your way.
Australia, Send all your gold to England if you want .... when you decide you want independence from England or want your gold back,... well, you might have a very rude awakening. It also means, that if England fails or falls into the hands of some enemy, then what happens to Australia's gold? |
|
|
|
Edited by
JustDukkyMkII
on
Fri 12/21/12 02:27 PM
|
|
Okay hotrod have it your way. Australia, Send all your gold to England if you want .... when you decide you want independence from England or want your gold back,... well, you might have a very rude awakening. It also means, that if England fails or falls into the hands of some enemy, then what happens to Australia's gold? Probably nothing. The Bank of England isn't part of England; it's part of the sovereign city-state in London called "the City." It doesn't matter much where a country's gold is geographically...It's the fact that it's in the custody of central banks beholden to the BIS that should concern everyone. They will never willingly relinquish it. BTW...I never heard...Much of the world's gold bullion was kept in a huge vault under the Twin Towers in New York. I heard an unsubstantiated rumour that a major gold heist took place the day of 911, so I was just wondering...Was all that gold ever recovered? |
|
|
|
![]() |
|
|
|
Edited by
Jeanniebean
on
Fri 12/21/12 02:32 PM
|
|
Okay hotrod have it your way. Australia, Send all your gold to England if you want .... when you decide you want independence from England or want your gold back,... well, you might have a very rude awakening. It also means, that if England fails or falls into the hands of some enemy, then what happens to Australia's gold? Probably nothing. The Bank of England isn't part of England; it's part of the sovereign city-state in London called "the City." It doesn't matter much where a country's gold is geographically...It's the fact that it's in the custody of central banks beholden to the BIS that should concern everyone. They will never willingly relinquish it. BTW...I never heard...Much of the world's gold bullion was kept in a huge vault under the Twin Towers in New York. I heard an unsubstantiated rumour that a major gold heist took place the day of 911, so I was just wondering...Was all that gold ever recovered? Willingly. I am not talking about them willingly relinquishing it. The gold has to be stored someplace......probably deep underground. As for the gold under the twin towers... I haven't heard what happened to it. |
|
|
|
In any case, Australia shouldn't expect to get any of their gold back. But I guess they don't need it. They have paper money.
![]() |
|
|
|
Edited by
JustDukkyMkII
on
Fri 12/21/12 03:04 PM
|
|
In any case, Australia shouldn't expect to get any of their gold back. But I guess they don't need it. They have paper money. ![]() ...and not much of that either. Like most countries today, probably 90% or more of their "money" is nothing but a computerized ledger entry. The banks don't like physical money of any kind, even fiat currency, and years ago they launched on a campaign to eliminate physical paper currency to get it out of the hands of the useless-eater public and back into the fantasyland of bank credit. In Canada, they are issuing new "paper" money that deteriorates over time, so people will find out the hard way that they can't save it at home for a rainy day (or an economic collapse). |
|
|